{
  "site_name": "CryptoIRAIndex",
  "domain": "cryptoiraindex.com",
  "base_url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com",
  "checked_date": "2026-10-30",
  "llms_txt_url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/llms.txt",
  "llms_full_txt_url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/llms-full.txt",
  "sitemap_url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/sitemap.xml",
  "scam_index_url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/assets/scam_index.json",
  "counts": {
    "total_content_pages": 259,
    "spot_bitcoin_etfs": 11,
    "spot_ethereum_etfs": 9,
    "public_crypto_equities": 8,
    "crypto_iras": 6,
    "hardware_wallets": 14,
    "multisig_coordinators": 6,
    "federal_state_scam_records": 1049,
    "tracked_crypto_hacks": 1328
  },
  "pages": [
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/",
      "path": "/",
      "title": "CryptoIRAIndex: US Spot ETFs, IRAs, Custody & Scam Radar",
      "description": "Institutional dossiers for all 20 US Spot Bitcoin & Ethereum ETFs, 6 Self-Directed Crypto IRAs, 14 Hardware Wallets, RUFADAA Estate Law & 1,049 DFPI/SEC Scam Alerts."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/about/",
      "path": "/about/",
      "title": "About CryptoIRAIndex: Institutional ETF & Custody Lab",
      "description": "About CryptoIRAIndex (cryptoiraindex.com): independent US research observatory for Spot Bitcoin/Ethereum ETFs, Self-Directed Crypto IRAs, Hardware Wallets & Scam..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/",
      "path": "/compare/",
      "title": "145 Crypto ETF, IRA & Hardware Comparisons (2026)",
      "description": "Browse 145 side-by-side institutional comparisons across US Spot Bitcoin/Ethereum ETFs, Self-Directed Crypto IRAs, Hardware Wallets & Multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/alto-cryptoira-vs-choice-ira/",
      "path": "/compare/alto-cryptoira-vs-choice-ira/",
      "title": "Alto CryptoIRA vs Choice by Kingdom Trust (2026): Crypto IR…",
      "description": "Compare Alto CryptoIRA vs Choice by Kingdom Trust for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/alto-cryptoira-vs-itrustcapital/",
      "path": "/compare/alto-cryptoira-vs-itrustcapital/",
      "title": "Alto CryptoIRA vs iTrustCapital (2026): Crypto IRA Fees & C…",
      "description": "Compare Alto CryptoIRA vs iTrustCapital for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/arkb-vs-bitb/",
      "path": "/compare/arkb-vs-bitb/",
      "title": "ARKB vs BITB (2026): Fee (0.21% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ARKB (ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF) vs BITB (Bitwise Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.21% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0001869699 vs 0001763415), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/arkb-vs-btc/",
      "path": "/compare/arkb-vs-btc/",
      "title": "ARKB vs BTC (2026): Fee (0.21% vs 0.15%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ARKB (ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF) vs BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.21% vs 0.15%), SEC CIKs (0001869699 vs 0002015034), custodians..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/arkb-vs-ezbc/",
      "path": "/compare/arkb-vs-ezbc/",
      "title": "ARKB vs EZBC (2026): Fee (0.21% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ARKB (ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF) vs EZBC (Franklin Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.21% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0001869699 vs 0001883875), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/arkb-vs-hodl/",
      "path": "/compare/arkb-vs-hodl/",
      "title": "ARKB vs HODL (2026): Fee (0.21% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ARKB (ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF) vs HODL (VanEck Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.21% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0001869699 vs 0001838028), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitb-vs-btc/",
      "path": "/compare/bitb-vs-btc/",
      "title": "BITB vs BTC (2026): Fee (0.20% vs 0.15%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BITB (Bitwise Bitcoin ETF) vs BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.20% vs 0.15%), SEC CIKs (0001763415 vs 0002015034), custodians & ta..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitb-vs-hodl/",
      "path": "/compare/bitb-vs-hodl/",
      "title": "BITB vs HODL (2026): Fee (0.20% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BITB (Bitwise Bitcoin ETF) vs HODL (VanEck Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.20% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0001763415 vs 0001838028), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitb-vs-ibit/",
      "path": "/compare/bitb-vs-ibit/",
      "title": "BITB vs IBIT (2026): Fee (0.20% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BITB (Bitwise Bitcoin ETF) vs IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.20% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001763415 vs 0001980994), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitbox02-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "path": "/compare/bitbox02-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "title": "BitBox02 vs Blockstream Jade Plus: Secure Element & Air-Gap…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing BitBox02 ($159.00) vs Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitbox02-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "path": "/compare/bitbox02-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "title": "BitBox02 vs Coldcard Mk4: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comparis…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing BitBox02 ($159.00) vs Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitbox02-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "path": "/compare/bitbox02-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "title": "BitBox02 vs Passport Batch 2: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comp…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing BitBox02 ($159.00) vs Passport Batch 2 ($199.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitbox02-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/compare/bitbox02-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "BitBox02 vs Keystone 3 Pro: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compar…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing BitBox02 ($159.00) vs Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitbox02-vs-ledger-flex/",
      "path": "/compare/bitbox02-vs-ledger-flex/",
      "title": "BitBox02 vs Ledger Flex: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comparison",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing BitBox02 ($159.00) vs Ledger Flex ($249.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitbox02-vs-trezor-safe-5/",
      "path": "/compare/bitbox02-vs-trezor-safe-5/",
      "title": "BitBox02 vs Trezor Safe 5: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compari…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing BitBox02 ($159.00) vs Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitcoinira-vs-alto-cryptoira/",
      "path": "/compare/bitcoinira-vs-alto-cryptoira/",
      "title": "BitcoinIRA vs Alto CryptoIRA (2026): Crypto IRA Fees & Cust…",
      "description": "Compare BitcoinIRA vs Alto CryptoIRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (2.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/bitcoinira-vs-choice-ira/",
      "path": "/compare/bitcoinira-vs-choice-ira/",
      "title": "BitcoinIRA vs Choice by Kingdom Trust (2026): Crypto IRA Fe…",
      "description": "Compare BitcoinIRA vs Choice by Kingdom Trust for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (2.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/blockstream-jade-plus-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/compare/blockstream-jade-plus-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "Blockstream Jade Plus vs Keystone 3 Pro: Secure Element & A…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00) vs Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/blockstream-jade-plus-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "path": "/compare/blockstream-jade-plus-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "title": "Blockstream Jade Plus vs Trezor Safe 3: Secure Element & Ai…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00) vs Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/brrr-vs-btco/",
      "path": "/compare/brrr-vs-btco/",
      "title": "BRRR vs BTCO (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BRRR (CoinShares Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund) vs BTCO (Invesco Galaxy Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001841175 vs 0001855781), custodi..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/brrr-vs-ibit/",
      "path": "/compare/brrr-vs-ibit/",
      "title": "BRRR vs IBIT (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BRRR (CoinShares Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund) vs IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001841175 vs 0001980994), custodia..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/btc-vs-eth/",
      "path": "/compare/btc-vs-eth/",
      "title": "BTC vs ETH (2026): Fee (0.15% vs 0.15%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF) vs ETH (Grayscale Ethereum Mini Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.15% vs 0.15%), SEC CIKs (0002015034 vs 0002020455), cu..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/btc-vs-ezbc/",
      "path": "/compare/btc-vs-ezbc/",
      "title": "BTC vs EZBC (2026): Fee (0.15% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF) vs EZBC (Franklin Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.15% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0002015034 vs 0001883875), custodians & t..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/btc-vs-gbtc/",
      "path": "/compare/btc-vs-gbtc/",
      "title": "BTC vs GBTC (2026): Fee (0.15% vs 1.50%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF) vs GBTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.15% vs 1.50%), SEC CIKs (0002015034 vs 0001588489), custodi..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/btc-vs-hodl/",
      "path": "/compare/btc-vs-hodl/",
      "title": "BTC vs HODL (2026): Fee (0.15% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF) vs HODL (VanEck Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.15% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0002015034 vs 0001838028), custodians & tax..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/btco-vs-fbtc/",
      "path": "/compare/btco-vs-fbtc/",
      "title": "BTCO vs FBTC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BTCO (Invesco Galaxy Bitcoin ETF) vs FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001855781 vs 0001852317), custod..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/btcw-vs-ezbc/",
      "path": "/compare/btcw-vs-ezbc/",
      "title": "BTCW vs EZBC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare BTCW (WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund) vs EZBC (Franklin Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0001850391 vs 0001883875), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/casa-vs-electrum/",
      "path": "/compare/casa-vs-electrum/",
      "title": "Casa vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet: Multisig Vault & Inheritan…",
      "description": "Compare Casa vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate inher..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/casa-vs-sparrow-wallet/",
      "path": "/compare/casa-vs-sparrow-wallet/",
      "title": "Casa vs Sparrow Wallet: Multisig Vault & Inheritance Audit",
      "description": "Compare Casa vs Sparrow Wallet for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate inheritance."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/casa-vs-specter-diy/",
      "path": "/compare/casa-vs-specter-diy/",
      "title": "Casa vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY: Multisig Vault & Inh…",
      "description": "Compare Casa vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/casa-vs-unchained/",
      "path": "/compare/casa-vs-unchained/",
      "title": "Casa vs Unchained: Multisig Vault & Inheritance Audit",
      "description": "Compare Casa vs Unchained for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate inheritance."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/choice-ira-vs-itrustcapital/",
      "path": "/compare/choice-ira-vs-itrustcapital/",
      "title": "Choice by Kingdom Trust vs iTrustCapital (2026): Crypto IRA…",
      "description": "Compare Choice by Kingdom Trust vs iTrustCapital for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/choice-ira-vs-unchained-ira/",
      "path": "/compare/choice-ira-vs-unchained-ira/",
      "title": "Choice by Kingdom Trust vs Unchained IRA (2026): Crypto IRA…",
      "description": "Compare Choice by Kingdom Trust vs Unchained IRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/clsk-vs-mara/",
      "path": "/compare/clsk-vs-mara/",
      "title": "CLSK vs MARA (2026): Crypto Stock, BTC Treasury & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare CLSK (CleanSpark, Inc.) vs MARA (MARA Holdings, Inc. (formerly Marathon Digital Holdings, Inc.)): corporate crypto sectors, balance sheet BTC treasury, SE..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coin-vs-hood/",
      "path": "/compare/coin-vs-hood/",
      "title": "COIN vs HOOD (2026): Crypto Stock, BTC Treasury & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare COIN (Coinbase Global, Inc. (Class A Common Stock)) vs HOOD (Robinhood Markets, Inc. (Class A Common Stock)): corporate crypto sectors, balance sheet BTC..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coin-vs-mstr/",
      "path": "/compare/coin-vs-mstr/",
      "title": "COIN vs MSTR (2026): Crypto Stock, BTC Treasury & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare COIN (Coinbase Global, Inc. (Class A Common Stock)) vs MSTR (Strategy Inc. (formerly MicroStrategy Incorporated — Class A Common Stock)): corporate crypto..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "title": "Coldcard Mk4 vs Blockstream Jade Plus: Secure Element & Air…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99) vs Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "title": "Coldcard Mk4 vs Passport Batch 2: Secure Element & Air-Gap…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99) vs Passport Batch 2 ($199.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "Coldcard Mk4 vs Keystone 3 Pro: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99) vs Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-seedsigner/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-seedsigner/",
      "title": "Coldcard Mk4 vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit: Secure Element & Air…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99) vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-mk4-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "title": "Coldcard Mk4 vs Trezor Safe 3: Secure Element & Air-Gap Com…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99) vs Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-bitbox02/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-bitbox02/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs BitBox02: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comparison",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs BitBox02 ($159.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs Blockstream Jade Plus: Secure Element & Air-G…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs Coldcard Mk4: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compar…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs Keystone 3 Pro: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comp…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-ledger-flex/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-ledger-flex/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs Ledger Flex: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compari…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs Ledger Flex ($249.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs Ledger Stax: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compari…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs Ledger Stax ($399.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-seedsigner/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-seedsigner/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit: Secure Element & Air-Ga…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/coldcard-q-vs-trezor-safe-5/",
      "path": "/compare/coldcard-q-vs-trezor-safe-5/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q vs Trezor Safe 5: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compa…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Coldcard Q ($239.99) vs Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/corz-vs-mara/",
      "path": "/compare/corz-vs-mara/",
      "title": "CORZ vs MARA (2026): Crypto Stock, BTC Treasury & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare CORZ (Core Scientific, Inc.) vs MARA (MARA Holdings, Inc. (formerly Marathon Digital Holdings, Inc.)): corporate crypto sectors, balance sheet BTC treasur..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/electrum-vs-specter-diy/",
      "path": "/compare/electrum-vs-specter-diy/",
      "title": "Electrum Bitcoin Wallet vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY: M…",
      "description": "Compare Electrum Bitcoin Wallet vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wall..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/eth-vs-ethe/",
      "path": "/compare/eth-vs-ethe/",
      "title": "ETH vs ETHE (2026): Fee (0.15% vs 2.50%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETH (Grayscale Ethereum Mini Trust ETF) vs ETHE (Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.15% vs 2.50%), SEC CIKs (0002020455 vs 0001725210), custo..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/eth-vs-ethw/",
      "path": "/compare/eth-vs-ethw/",
      "title": "ETH vs ETHW (2026): Fee (0.15% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETH (Grayscale Ethereum Mini Trust ETF) vs ETHW (Bitwise Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.15% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0002020455 vs 0002016436), custodians &..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-ceth/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-ceth/",
      "title": "ETHA vs CETH (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.21%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs CETH (21Shares Core Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.21%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0001993055), custodians &..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-eth/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-eth/",
      "title": "ETHA vs ETH (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.15%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs ETH (Grayscale Ethereum Mini Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.15%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0002020455), custodi..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-ethe/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-ethe/",
      "title": "ETHA vs ETHE (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 2.50%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs ETHE (Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 2.50%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0001725210), custodians..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-ethv/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-ethv/",
      "title": "ETHA vs ETHV (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs ETHV (VanEck Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0001860788), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-ethw/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-ethw/",
      "title": "ETHA vs ETHW (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs ETHW (Bitwise Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0002016436), custodians & tax ru..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-ezet/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-ezet/",
      "title": "ETHA vs EZET (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs EZET (Franklin Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0002011510), custodians & tax r..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-feth/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-feth/",
      "title": "ETHA vs FETH (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs FETH (Fidelity Ethereum Fund): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0001999123), custodians & tax..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/etha-vs-qeth/",
      "path": "/compare/etha-vs-qeth/",
      "title": "ETHA vs QETH (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF) vs QETH (Invesco Galaxy Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0002000638 vs 0001996861), custodians &..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ethw-vs-ezet/",
      "path": "/compare/ethw-vs-ezet/",
      "title": "ETHW vs EZET (2026): Fee (0.20% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare ETHW (Bitwise Ethereum ETF) vs EZET (Franklin Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.20% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0002016436 vs 0002011510), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ezbc-vs-bitb/",
      "path": "/compare/ezbc-vs-bitb/",
      "title": "EZBC vs BITB (2026): Fee (0.19% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare EZBC (Franklin Bitcoin ETF) vs BITB (Bitwise Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.19% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0001883875 vs 0001763415), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-arkb/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-arkb/",
      "title": "FBTC vs ARKB (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.21%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs ARKB (ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.21%), SEC CIKs (0001852317 vs 0001869699), custodia..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-bitb/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-bitb/",
      "title": "FBTC vs BITB (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs BITB (Bitwise Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0001852317 vs 0001763415), custodians &..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-btc/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-btc/",
      "title": "FBTC vs BTC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.15%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.15%), SEC CIKs (0001852317 vs 0002015034), c..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-ezbc/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-ezbc/",
      "title": "FBTC vs EZBC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs EZBC (Franklin Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0001852317 vs 0001883875), custodians &..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-feth/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-feth/",
      "title": "FBTC vs FETH (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs FETH (Fidelity Ethereum Fund): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001852317 vs 0001999123), custodians..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-gbtc/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-gbtc/",
      "title": "FBTC vs GBTC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 1.50%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs GBTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 1.50%), SEC CIKs (0001852317 vs 0001588489), custo..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-hodl/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-hodl/",
      "title": "FBTC vs HODL (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs HODL (VanEck Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0001852317 vs 0001838028), custodians & t..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fbtc-vs-mstr/",
      "path": "/compare/fbtc-vs-mstr/",
      "title": "FBTC vs MSTR (2026): Spot ETF vs Crypto Stock & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund) vs MSTR (Strategy Inc. (formerly MicroStrategy Incorporated — Class A Common Stock)): 1:1 Grantor Trust Spot ETF..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/feth-vs-eth/",
      "path": "/compare/feth-vs-eth/",
      "title": "FETH vs ETH (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.15%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FETH (Fidelity Ethereum Fund) vs ETH (Grayscale Ethereum Mini Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.15%), SEC CIKs (0001999123 vs 0002020455), custodians..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/feth-vs-ethe/",
      "path": "/compare/feth-vs-ethe/",
      "title": "FETH vs ETHE (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 2.50%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FETH (Fidelity Ethereum Fund) vs ETHE (Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 2.50%), SEC CIKs (0001999123 vs 0001725210), custodians & ta..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/feth-vs-ethw/",
      "path": "/compare/feth-vs-ethw/",
      "title": "FETH vs ETHW (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.20%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FETH (Fidelity Ethereum Fund) vs ETHW (Bitwise Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.20%), SEC CIKs (0001999123 vs 0002016436), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/feth-vs-ezet/",
      "path": "/compare/feth-vs-ezet/",
      "title": "FETH vs EZET (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare FETH (Fidelity Ethereum Fund) vs EZET (Franklin Ethereum ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0001999123 vs 0002011510), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-alto-cryptoira/",
      "path": "/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-alto-cryptoira/",
      "title": "Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs Alto CryptoIRA (2026): Crypto I…",
      "description": "Compare Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs Alto CryptoIRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-bitcoinira/",
      "path": "/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-bitcoinira/",
      "title": "Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs BitcoinIRA (2026): Crypto IRA F…",
      "description": "Compare Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs BitcoinIRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 2.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-choice-ira/",
      "path": "/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-choice-ira/",
      "title": "Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs Choice by Kingdom Trust (2026)…",
      "description": "Compare Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs Choice by Kingdom Trust for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-unchained-ira/",
      "path": "/compare/fidelity-crypto-ira-vs-unchained-ira/",
      "title": "Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs Unchained IRA (2026): Crypto IR…",
      "description": "Compare Fidelity Crypto for IRAs vs Unchained IRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/foundation-passport-batch-2-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "path": "/compare/foundation-passport-batch-2-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "title": "Passport Batch 2 vs Blockstream Jade Plus: Secure Element &…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Passport Batch 2 ($199.00) vs Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/foundation-passport-batch-2-vs-coldcard-q/",
      "path": "/compare/foundation-passport-batch-2-vs-coldcard-q/",
      "title": "Passport Batch 2 vs Coldcard Q: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Passport Batch 2 ($199.00) vs Coldcard Q ($239.99): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/foundation-passport-batch-2-vs-seedsigner/",
      "path": "/compare/foundation-passport-batch-2-vs-seedsigner/",
      "title": "Passport Batch 2 vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit: Secure Element &…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Passport Batch 2 ($199.00) vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/gbtc-vs-ethe/",
      "path": "/compare/gbtc-vs-ethe/",
      "title": "GBTC vs ETHE (2026): Fee (1.50% vs 2.50%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare GBTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs ETHE (Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETF): expense ratio (1.50% vs 2.50%), SEC CIKs (0001588489 vs 0001725210), custodians..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-bitbox02/",
      "path": "/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-bitbox02/",
      "title": "GridPlus Lattice1 vs BitBox02: Secure Element & Air-Gap Com…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00) vs BitBox02 ($159.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-coldcard-q/",
      "path": "/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-coldcard-q/",
      "title": "GridPlus Lattice1 vs Coldcard Q: Secure Element & Air-Gap C…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00) vs Coldcard Q ($239.99): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "path": "/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "title": "GridPlus Lattice1 vs Passport Batch 2: Secure Element & Air…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00) vs Passport Batch 2 ($199.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "GridPlus Lattice1 vs Keystone 3 Pro: Secure Element & Air-G…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00) vs Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "path": "/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "title": "GridPlus Lattice1 vs Ledger Stax: Secure Element & Air-Gap…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00) vs Ledger Stax ($399.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "path": "/compare/gridplus-lattice1-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "title": "GridPlus Lattice1 vs Trezor Safe 3: Secure Element & Air-Ga…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00) vs Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/hodl-vs-ezbc/",
      "path": "/compare/hodl-vs-ezbc/",
      "title": "HODL vs EZBC (2026): Fee (0.20% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare HODL (VanEck Bitcoin ETF) vs EZBC (Franklin Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.20% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0001838028 vs 0001883875), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/hodl-vs-ibit/",
      "path": "/compare/hodl-vs-ibit/",
      "title": "HODL vs IBIT (2026): Fee (0.20% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare HODL (VanEck Bitcoin ETF) vs IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.20% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001838028 vs 0001980994), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/hood-vs-xyz/",
      "path": "/compare/hood-vs-xyz/",
      "title": "HOOD vs XYZ (2026): Crypto Stock, BTC Treasury & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare HOOD (Robinhood Markets, Inc. (Class A Common Stock)) vs XYZ (Block, Inc. (formerly Square, Inc. — Ticker changed from SQ to XYZ in Jan 2025)): corporate..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-arkb/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-arkb/",
      "title": "IBIT vs ARKB (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.21%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs ARKB (ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.21%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0001869699), custodians & tax..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-brrr/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-brrr/",
      "title": "IBIT vs BRRR (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs BRRR (CoinShares Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0001841175), custodia..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-btc/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-btc/",
      "title": "IBIT vs BTC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.15%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs BTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.15%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0002015034), custodian..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-btco/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-btco/",
      "title": "IBIT vs BTCO (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs BTCO (Invesco Galaxy Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0001855781), custodians & t..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-btcw/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-btcw/",
      "title": "IBIT vs BTCW (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs BTCW (WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0001850391), custodians & tax..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-coin/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-coin/",
      "title": "IBIT vs COIN (2026): Spot ETF vs Crypto Stock & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs COIN (Coinbase Global, Inc. (Class A Common Stock)): 1:1 Grantor Trust Spot ETF vs C-Corp crypto stock, SEC CIKs (0001..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-etha/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-etha/",
      "title": "IBIT vs ETHA (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs ETHA (iShares Ethereum Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0002000638), custodians & t..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-ezbc/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-ezbc/",
      "title": "IBIT vs EZBC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.19%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs EZBC (Franklin Bitcoin ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.19%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0001883875), custodians & tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-fbtc/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-fbtc/",
      "title": "IBIT vs FBTC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 0.25%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs FBTC (Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund): expense ratio (0.25% vs 0.25%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0001852317), custodi..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-gbtc/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-gbtc/",
      "title": "IBIT vs GBTC (2026): Fee (0.25% vs 1.50%) & Custody Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs GBTC (Grayscale Bitcoin Trust ETF): expense ratio (0.25% vs 1.50%), SEC CIKs (0001980994 vs 0001588489), custodians &..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ibit-vs-mstr/",
      "path": "/compare/ibit-vs-mstr/",
      "title": "IBIT vs MSTR (2026): Spot ETF vs Crypto Stock & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare IBIT (iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF) vs MSTR (Strategy Inc. (formerly MicroStrategy Incorporated — Class A Common Stock)): 1:1 Grantor Trust Spot ETF vs C-Cor..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/itrustcapital-vs-bitcoinira/",
      "path": "/compare/itrustcapital-vs-bitcoinira/",
      "title": "iTrustCapital vs BitcoinIRA (2026): Crypto IRA Fees & Custo…",
      "description": "Compare iTrustCapital vs BitcoinIRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 2.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/itrustcapital-vs-fidelity-crypto-ira/",
      "path": "/compare/itrustcapital-vs-fidelity-crypto-ira/",
      "title": "iTrustCapital vs Fidelity Crypto for IRAs (2026): Crypto IR…",
      "description": "Compare iTrustCapital vs Fidelity Crypto for IRAs for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/keystone-3-pro-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "path": "/compare/keystone-3-pro-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "title": "Keystone 3 Pro vs Passport Batch 2: Secure Element & Air-Ga…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00) vs Passport Batch 2 ($199.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/keystone-3-pro-vs-seedsigner/",
      "path": "/compare/keystone-3-pro-vs-seedsigner/",
      "title": "Keystone 3 Pro vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit: Secure Element & Ai…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00) vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ledger-flex-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "path": "/compare/ledger-flex-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "title": "Ledger Flex vs Ledger Nano X: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comp…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Ledger Flex ($249.00) vs Ledger Nano X ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ledger-flex-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "path": "/compare/ledger-flex-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "title": "Ledger Flex vs Ledger Stax: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compar…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Ledger Flex ($249.00) vs Ledger Stax ($399.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ledger-nano-x-vs-trezor-safe-5/",
      "path": "/compare/ledger-nano-x-vs-trezor-safe-5/",
      "title": "Ledger Nano X vs Trezor Safe 5: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Ledger Nano X ($149.00) vs Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/ledger-stax-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "path": "/compare/ledger-stax-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "title": "Ledger Stax vs Ledger Nano X: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comp…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Ledger Stax ($399.00) vs Ledger Nano X ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/mara-vs-riot/",
      "path": "/compare/mara-vs-riot/",
      "title": "MARA vs RIOT (2026): Crypto Stock, BTC Treasury & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare MARA (MARA Holdings, Inc. (formerly Marathon Digital Holdings, Inc.)) vs RIOT (Riot Platforms, Inc.): corporate crypto sectors, balance sheet BTC treasury..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/mstr-vs-mara/",
      "path": "/compare/mstr-vs-mara/",
      "title": "MSTR vs MARA (2026): Crypto Stock, BTC Treasury & Tax Audit",
      "description": "Compare MSTR (Strategy Inc. (formerly MicroStrategy Incorporated — Class A Common Stock)) vs MARA (MARA Holdings, Inc. (formerly Marathon Digital Holdings, Inc.))..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/nunchuk-vs-casa/",
      "path": "/compare/nunchuk-vs-casa/",
      "title": "Nunchuk vs Casa: Multisig Vault & Inheritance Audit",
      "description": "Compare Nunchuk vs Casa for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate inheritance."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/nunchuk-vs-electrum/",
      "path": "/compare/nunchuk-vs-electrum/",
      "title": "Nunchuk vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet: Multisig Vault & Inheri…",
      "description": "Compare Nunchuk vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate in..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/nunchuk-vs-sparrow-wallet/",
      "path": "/compare/nunchuk-vs-sparrow-wallet/",
      "title": "Nunchuk vs Sparrow Wallet: Multisig Vault & Inheritance Aud…",
      "description": "Compare Nunchuk vs Sparrow Wallet for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate inheritance."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/nunchuk-vs-specter-diy/",
      "path": "/compare/nunchuk-vs-specter-diy/",
      "title": "Nunchuk vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY: Multisig Vault &…",
      "description": "Compare Nunchuk vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & est..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/nunchuk-vs-unchained/",
      "path": "/compare/nunchuk-vs-unchained/",
      "title": "Nunchuk vs Unchained: Multisig Vault & Inheritance Audit",
      "description": "Compare Nunchuk vs Unchained for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate inheritance."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/seedsigner-vs-bitbox02/",
      "path": "/compare/seedsigner-vs-bitbox02/",
      "title": "SeedSigner DIY / Kit vs BitBox02: Secure Element & Air-Gap…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00) vs BitBox02 ($159.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/seedsigner-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "path": "/compare/seedsigner-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "title": "SeedSigner DIY / Kit vs Blockstream Jade Plus: Secure Eleme…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00) vs Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/sparrow-wallet-vs-electrum/",
      "path": "/compare/sparrow-wallet-vs-electrum/",
      "title": "Sparrow Wallet vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet: Multisig Vault &…",
      "description": "Compare Sparrow Wallet vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & es..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/sparrow-wallet-vs-specter-diy/",
      "path": "/compare/sparrow-wallet-vs-specter-diy/",
      "title": "Sparrow Wallet vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY: Multisig V…",
      "description": "Compare Sparrow Wallet vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet suppor..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-bitbox02/",
      "path": "/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-bitbox02/",
      "title": "Tangem Wallet vs BitBox02: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compari…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Tangem Wallet ($54.90) vs BitBox02 ($159.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "path": "/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "title": "Tangem Wallet vs Coldcard Mk4: Secure Element & Air-Gap Com…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Tangem Wallet ($54.90) vs Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "path": "/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "title": "Tangem Wallet vs Ledger Nano X: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Tangem Wallet ($54.90) vs Ledger Nano X ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "path": "/compare/tangem-wallet-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "title": "Tangem Wallet vs Trezor Safe 3: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Tangem Wallet ($54.90) vs Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-bitbox02/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-bitbox02/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 3 vs BitBox02: Secure Element & Air-Gap Compari…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00) vs BitBox02 ($159.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 3 vs Keystone 3 Pro: Secure Element & Air-Gap C…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00) vs Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-ledger-nano-x/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 3 vs Ledger Nano X: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00) vs Ledger Nano X ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-seedsigner/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-3-vs-seedsigner/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 3 vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit: Secure Element & Air…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00) vs SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Blockstream Jade Plus: Secure Element & Ai…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-coldcard-mk4/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Coldcard Mk4: Secure Element & Air-Gap Com…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Passport Batch 2: Secure Element & Air-Gap…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Passport Batch 2 ($199.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-gridplus-lattice1/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-gridplus-lattice1/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs GridPlus Lattice1: Secure Element & Air-Ga…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Keystone 3 Pro: Secure Element & Air-Gap C…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-ledger-flex/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-ledger-flex/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Ledger Flex: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comp…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Ledger Flex ($249.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-ledger-stax/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Ledger Stax: Secure Element & Air-Gap Comp…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Ledger Stax ($399.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-tangem-wallet/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-tangem-wallet/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Tangem Wallet: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Tangem Wallet ($54.90): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "path": "/compare/trezor-safe-5-vs-trezor-safe-3/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 vs Trezor Safe 3: Secure Element & Air-Gap Co…",
      "description": "Hardware teardown comparing Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00) vs Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00): Secure Element chips, air-gapped QR/SD signing & PSBT multisig."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/unchained-ira-vs-alto-cryptoira/",
      "path": "/compare/unchained-ira-vs-alto-cryptoira/",
      "title": "Unchained IRA vs Alto CryptoIRA (2026): Crypto IRA Fees & C…",
      "description": "Compare Unchained IRA vs Alto CryptoIRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/unchained-ira-vs-bitcoinira/",
      "path": "/compare/unchained-ira-vs-bitcoinira/",
      "title": "Unchained IRA vs BitcoinIRA (2026): Crypto IRA Fees & Custo…",
      "description": "Compare Unchained IRA vs BitcoinIRA for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 2.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/unchained-ira-vs-itrustcapital/",
      "path": "/compare/unchained-ira-vs-itrustcapital/",
      "title": "Unchained IRA vs iTrustCapital (2026): Crypto IRA Fees & Cu…",
      "description": "Compare Unchained IRA vs iTrustCapital for Traditional and Roth Crypto IRAs: trade fees (1.0% vs 1.0%), custodians & key control."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/unchained-vs-electrum/",
      "path": "/compare/unchained-vs-electrum/",
      "title": "Unchained vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet: Multisig Vault & Inhe…",
      "description": "Compare Unchained vs Electrum Bitcoin Wallet for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/unchained-vs-sparrow-wallet/",
      "path": "/compare/unchained-vs-sparrow-wallet/",
      "title": "Unchained vs Sparrow Wallet: Multisig Vault & Inheritance A…",
      "description": "Compare Unchained vs Sparrow Wallet for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & estate inheritance."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/compare/unchained-vs-specter-diy/",
      "path": "/compare/unchained-vs-specter-diy/",
      "title": "Unchained vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY: Multisig Vault…",
      "description": "Compare Unchained vs Specter Desktop & Specter DIY for Bitcoin multisig custody: 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 quorums, annual pricing, KYC privacy, hardware wallet support & e..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/",
      "path": "/custody/",
      "title": "14 Best Crypto Hardware Wallets (2026 EAL6+ & Air-Gap Lab)",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of 14 hardware wallets (Coldcard Q/Mk4, Trezor Safe 5/3, Ledger Flex/Stax, BitBox02, Passport, Jade Plus, SeedSigner): EAL6+ chips & PSBTs."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/air-gapped-wallets/",
      "path": "/custody/air-gapped-wallets/",
      "title": "Best Air-Gapped Bitcoin Hardware Wallets (QR & MicroSD PSBT)",
      "description": "Compare the 7 best air-gapped hardware wallets (Coldcard Q, Coldcard Mk4, Foundation Passport, Blockstream Jade Plus, Keystone 3 Pro, SeedSigner, Tangem)."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/bip39-passphrase-vs-slip39/",
      "path": "/custody/bip39-passphrase-vs-slip39/",
      "title": "BIP-39 Passphrase (25th Word) vs SLIP-39 Shamir vs Multisig",
      "description": "Compare BIP-39 passphrases ('25th word'), SLIP-39 Shamir Secret Sharing (Trezor 20-word shares), and 2-of-3 native Bitcoin multisig for loss vs theft resilience."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/bitbox02/",
      "path": "/custody/bitbox02/",
      "title": "BitBox02 (Bitcoin-Only & Multi Edition) Review: $159 Secure…",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Shift Crypto BitBox02 (Bitcoin-Only & Multi Edition) ($159.00): Dual-chip architecture: Microchip ATECC608B / Optiga Trust M, air-gap sign..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "path": "/custody/blockstream-jade-plus/",
      "title": "Blockstream Jade Plus Review: $149 Secure Element & Air-Gap…",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Blockstream Blockstream Jade Plus ($149.00): Virtual Secure Element ('Blind Oracle' server-assisted PIN d, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/coldcard-mk4/",
      "path": "/custody/coldcard-mk4/",
      "title": "Coldcard Mk4 Review: $168 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Coinkite Coldcard Mk4 ($167.99): Dual Secure Elements from 2 independent manufacturers: Micro, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & supply-cha..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/coldcard-q/",
      "path": "/custody/coldcard-q/",
      "title": "Coldcard Q Review: $240 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Coinkite Coldcard Q ($239.99): Dual Secure Elements: Microchip ATECC608B + Maxim DS28C36B, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & supply-chain c..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/connect-sparrow-to-bitcoin-node/",
      "path": "/custody/connect-sparrow-to-bitcoin-node/",
      "title": "Connect Sparrow Wallet to Your Bitcoin Core Full Node",
      "description": "Why public Electrum servers and default hardware wallet apps leak your xpub balance privacy, and how to connect Sparrow Wallet to Bitcoin Core, Fulcrum, or Start9..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "path": "/custody/foundation-passport-batch-2/",
      "title": "Passport Batch 2 (Founder's / Core) Review: $199 Secure Ele…",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Foundation Devices Passport Batch 2 (Founder's / Core) ($199.00): Microchip ATECC608B Secure Element + STM32H753 MCU + Securit, air-gap si..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/gridplus-lattice1/",
      "path": "/custody/gridplus-lattice1/",
      "title": "GridPlus Lattice1 Review: $397 Secure Element & Air-Gap Aud…",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of GridPlus GridPlus Lattice1 ($397.00): Dual-Enclave Architecture (General Compute Environment + NXP, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & suppl..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/keystone-3-pro/",
      "path": "/custody/keystone-3-pro/",
      "title": "Keystone 3 Pro Review: $149 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Keystone Keystone 3 Pro ($149.00): Triple Secure Elements: Microchip ATECC608B + Maxim DS28S60 , air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & supply-c..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/ledger-flex/",
      "path": "/custody/ledger-flex/",
      "title": "Ledger Flex Review: $249 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Ledger Ledger Flex ($249.00): STMicroelectronics ST33K1M5 (CC EAL6+ certified Secure Eleme, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & supply-chain..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/ledger-nano-x/",
      "path": "/custody/ledger-nano-x/",
      "title": "Ledger Nano X Review: $149 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Ledger Ledger Nano X ($149.00): STMicroelectronics ST33J2M0 (CC EAL5+ certified) + STM32WB55, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & supply-chai..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/ledger-stax/",
      "path": "/custody/ledger-stax/",
      "title": "Ledger Stax Review: $399 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Ledger Ledger Stax ($399.00): STMicroelectronics ST33K1M5 (CC EAL6+ certified Secure Eleme, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & supply-chain..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/secure-element-architecture/",
      "path": "/custody/secure-element-architecture/",
      "title": "Hardware Wallet Secure Elements: EAL6+, Dual-Chip & Blind O…",
      "description": "Technical audit of hardware wallet Secure Element chips: Infineon Optiga Trust M V3 (NDA-free EAL6+), Dual Microchip/Maxim (Coldcard), ST33 (Ledger) & Stateless RAM."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/seed-phrase-metal-backups/",
      "path": "/custody/seed-phrase-metal-backups/",
      "title": "Metal Seed Phrase Backups: 316 Steel vs Titanium Fire Audit",
      "description": "Engineering guide to metal BIP-39 seed phrase storage: 316 marine stainless steel vs Grade 2 titanium melting points, stamped plates vs sliding letter tiles."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/seedqr-stateless-signing/",
      "path": "/custody/seedqr-stateless-signing/",
      "title": "SeedQR & Stateless Air-Gapped Bitcoin Signing Workflow",
      "description": "How SeedQR and CompactSeedQR enable stateless air-gapped Bitcoin PSBT signing on SeedSigner, Coldcard Q, and Blockstream Jade Plus with zero stored keys."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/seedsigner/",
      "path": "/custody/seedsigner/",
      "title": "SeedSigner DIY / Kit Review: $65 Secure Element & Air-Gap A…",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of SeedSigner (Open-Source Community) SeedSigner DIY / Kit ($65.00): None — Deliberately Stateless Architecture (0 persistent fla, air-gap si..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/supply-chain-verification/",
      "path": "/custody/supply-chain-verification/",
      "title": "How to Verify Your Hardware Wallet Is Genuine (Supply Chain)",
      "description": "Brand-by-brand guide to verifying cryptographic attestation, factory bag numbers, and firmware checksums on Coldcard, Trezor, Ledger, BitBox02 & Passport."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/tangem-wallet/",
      "path": "/custody/tangem-wallet/",
      "title": "Tangem Wallet (2-Card or 3-Card Set) Review: $55 Secure Ele…",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Tangem Tangem Wallet (2-Card or 3-Card Set) ($54.90): Samsung S3D350A (CC EAL6+ certified Secure Element embedded , air-gap signing, PSBT..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/trezor-safe-3/",
      "path": "/custody/trezor-safe-3/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 3 Review: $79 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Trezor (SatoshiLabs) Trezor Safe 3 ($79.00): Infineon Optiga Trust M V3 (CC EAL6+ certified, NDA-free), air-gap signing, PSBT multisig & s..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/trezor-safe-5/",
      "path": "/custody/trezor-safe-5/",
      "title": "Trezor Safe 5 Review: $169 Secure Element & Air-Gap Audit",
      "description": "Engineering teardown of Trezor (SatoshiLabs) Trezor Safe 5 ($169.00): Infineon Optiga Trust M V3 (CC EAL6+ certified, NDA-free Sec, air-gap signing, PSBT multisig..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/custody/utxo-consolidation-calculator/",
      "path": "/custody/utxo-consolidation-calculator/",
      "title": "Bitcoin UTXO Consolidation Fee Calculator (Live sat/vB)",
      "description": "Interactive Bitcoin UTXO consolidation calculator: compare P2WPKH SegWit, P2TR Taproot, and 2-of-3 P2WSH Multisig transaction vBytes, dust thresholds & IRS rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/disclosure/",
      "path": "/disclosure/",
      "title": "Editorial Independence & Regulatory Disclosure | CII",
      "description": "Regulatory, legal, and editorial independence disclosure for CryptoIRAIndex (cryptoiraindex.com)."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/",
      "path": "/equities/",
      "title": "8 US Public Crypto Equities: MSTR, COIN, MARA, RIOT & XYZ",
      "description": "Institutional directory of 8 US public crypto equities (COIN, MSTR, MARA, RIOT, CLSK, CORZ, HOOD, XYZ) with SEC CIKs, EDGAR filings & ETF comparisons."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/clsk/",
      "path": "/equities/clsk/",
      "title": "CLSK Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0000827876 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for CleanSpark, Inc. (CLSK, CIK 0000827876): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasury/mining exposure, options & ETF comparison."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/coin/",
      "path": "/equities/coin/",
      "title": "COIN Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0001679788 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for Coinbase Global, Inc. (Class A Common Stock) (COIN, CIK 0001679788): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasury/mining exposure, options & ETF..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/corz/",
      "path": "/equities/corz/",
      "title": "CORZ Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0001839341 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for Core Scientific, Inc. (CORZ, CIK 0001839341): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasury/mining exposure, options & ETF comparison."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/hood/",
      "path": "/equities/hood/",
      "title": "HOOD Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0001783879 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for Robinhood Markets, Inc. (Class A Common Stock) (HOOD, CIK 0001783879): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasury/mining exposure, options & ET..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/mara/",
      "path": "/equities/mara/",
      "title": "MARA Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0001507605 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for MARA Holdings, Inc. (formerly Marathon Digital Holdings, Inc.) (MARA, CIK 0001507605): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasury/mining exposu..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/mstr/",
      "path": "/equities/mstr/",
      "title": "MSTR Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0001050446 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for Strategy Inc. (formerly MicroStrategy Incorporated — Class A Common Stock) (MSTR, CIK 0001050446): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasury/m..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/riot/",
      "path": "/equities/riot/",
      "title": "RIOT Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0001167419 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for Riot Platforms, Inc. (RIOT, CIK 0001167419): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasury/mining exposure, options & ETF comparison."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/equities/xyz/",
      "path": "/equities/xyz/",
      "title": "XYZ Stock Dossier: SEC CIK 0001512673 & Crypto Exposure",
      "description": "Institutional dossier for Block, Inc. (formerly Square, Inc. — Ticker changed from SQ to XYZ in Jan 2025) (XYZ, CIK 0001512673): SEC EDGAR filings, Bitcoin treasu..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/estate-planning/",
      "path": "/estate-planning/",
      "title": "US Crypto Estate Planning: RUFADAA, Living Trusts & Probate",
      "description": "Complete US crypto inheritance playbook: RUFADAA 3-tier fiduciary access law (47+ states), avoiding public probate with Revocable Living Trusts & IRC § 1014 step-up."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/estate-planning/miniscript-timelock-inheritance/",
      "path": "/estate-planning/miniscript-timelock-inheritance/",
      "title": "Bitcoin Miniscript & Taproot Timelock Inheritance Wallets",
      "description": "How Bitcoin Miniscript and Taproot OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY relative timelocks enable trustless decay inheritance in Nunchuk and Liana without third-party custodians."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/estate-planning/step-up-in-basis-irc-1014/",
      "path": "/estate-planning/step-up-in-basis-irc-1014/",
      "title": "IRC § 1014 Crypto Step-Up in Basis: Executor Checklist",
      "description": "IRS documentation checklist for claiming the IRC § 1014(a) date-of-death step-up in cost basis and IRC § 1223(9) long-term holding period on inherited Bitcoin & E..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etf-vs-spot/",
      "path": "/etf-vs-spot/",
      "title": "Spot Bitcoin ETF vs Self-Custody: 10-Year TCO & Tax Model",
      "description": "Interactive 10-year calculator comparing US Spot Bitcoin & Ethereum ETFs (IBIT, FBTC, BTC, ETHA) vs direct hardware wallet self-custody, wash sales & IRC § 1014."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/",
      "path": "/etfs/",
      "title": "20 US Spot Bitcoin & Ethereum ETFs Screener (2026 CIK)",
      "description": "Compare all 20 SEC-approved US Spot Bitcoin & Ethereum ETFs: expense ratios (0.15%–2.50%), SEC CIKs, custodians, options availability & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/arkb/",
      "path": "/etfs/arkb/",
      "title": "ARKB ETF Dossier: 0.21% Fee, CIK 0001869699 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for ARK 21Shares Bitcoin ETF (ARKB): 0.21% expense ratio, CIK 0001869699, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/bitb/",
      "path": "/etfs/bitb/",
      "title": "BITB ETF Dossier: 0.20% Fee, CIK 0001763415 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Bitwise Bitcoin ETF (BITB): 0.20% expense ratio, CIK 0001763415, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/bitcoin/",
      "path": "/etfs/bitcoin/",
      "title": "11 US Spot Bitcoin ETFs Compared: TER & Custodians (2026)",
      "description": "Compare all 11 US Spot Bitcoin ETFs (IBIT, FBTC, BITB, ARKB, BTC, HODL, BRRR, BTCO, EZBC, BTCW, GBTC) by expense ratio (0.15%–1.50%) and custodian."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/brrr/",
      "path": "/etfs/brrr/",
      "title": "BRRR ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0001841175 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for CoinShares Valkyrie Bitcoin Fund (BRRR): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0001841175, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/btc/",
      "path": "/etfs/btc/",
      "title": "BTC ETF Dossier: 0.15% Fee, CIK 0002015034 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Grayscale Bitcoin Mini Trust ETF (BTC): 0.15% expense ratio, CIK 0002015034, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax r..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/btco/",
      "path": "/etfs/btco/",
      "title": "BTCO ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0001855781 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Invesco Galaxy Bitcoin ETF (BTCO): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0001855781, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/btcw/",
      "path": "/etfs/btcw/",
      "title": "BTCW ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0001850391 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for WisdomTree Bitcoin Fund (BTCW): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0001850391, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ceth/",
      "path": "/etfs/ceth/",
      "title": "CETH ETF Dossier: 0.21% Fee, CIK 0001993055 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for 21Shares Core Ethereum ETF (CETH): 0.21% expense ratio, CIK 0001993055, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/eth/",
      "path": "/etfs/eth/",
      "title": "ETH ETF Dossier: 0.15% Fee, CIK 0002020455 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Grayscale Ethereum Mini Trust ETF (ETH): 0.15% expense ratio, CIK 0002020455, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/etha/",
      "path": "/etfs/etha/",
      "title": "ETHA ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0002000638 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for iShares Ethereum Trust ETF (ETHA): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0002000638, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ethe/",
      "path": "/etfs/ethe/",
      "title": "ETHE ETF Dossier: 2.50% Fee, CIK 0001725210 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Grayscale Ethereum Trust ETF (ETHE): 2.50% expense ratio, CIK 0001725210, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ethereum/",
      "path": "/etfs/ethereum/",
      "title": "9 US Spot Ethereum ETFs vs Staking Yield Calculator (2026)",
      "description": "Compare all 9 US Spot Ethereum ETFs (ETHA, FETH, ETHW, CETH, ETHV, QETH, EZET, ETH, ETHE) and calculate the opportunity cost of 0% ETF staking vs stETH/weETH."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ethv/",
      "path": "/etfs/ethv/",
      "title": "ETHV ETF Dossier: 0.20% Fee, CIK 0001860788 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for VanEck Ethereum ETF (ETHV): 0.20% expense ratio, CIK 0001860788, Gemini Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ethw/",
      "path": "/etfs/ethw/",
      "title": "ETHW ETF Dossier: 0.20% Fee, CIK 0002016436 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Bitwise Ethereum ETF (ETHW): 0.20% expense ratio, CIK 0002016436, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ezbc/",
      "path": "/etfs/ezbc/",
      "title": "EZBC ETF Dossier: 0.19% Fee, CIK 0001883875 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Franklin Bitcoin ETF (EZBC): 0.19% expense ratio, CIK 0001883875, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ezet/",
      "path": "/etfs/ezet/",
      "title": "EZET ETF Dossier: 0.19% Fee, CIK 0002011510 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Franklin Ethereum ETF (EZET): 0.19% expense ratio, CIK 0002011510, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/fbtc/",
      "path": "/etfs/fbtc/",
      "title": "FBTC ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0001852317 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund (FBTC): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0001852317, Fidelity Digital Asset Services custody, options & Grantor Trust ta..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/feth/",
      "path": "/etfs/feth/",
      "title": "FETH ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0001999123 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Fidelity Ethereum Fund (FETH): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0001999123, Fidelity Digital Asset Services custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/gbtc/",
      "path": "/etfs/gbtc/",
      "title": "GBTC ETF Dossier: 1.50% Fee, CIK 0001588489 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Grayscale Bitcoin Trust ETF (GBTC): 1.50% expense ratio, CIK 0001588489, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/hodl/",
      "path": "/etfs/hodl/",
      "title": "HODL ETF Dossier: 0.20% Fee, CIK 0001838028 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for VanEck Bitcoin ETF (HODL): 0.20% expense ratio, CIK 0001838028, Gemini Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/ibit/",
      "path": "/etfs/ibit/",
      "title": "IBIT ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0001980994 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (IBIT): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0001980994, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/etfs/qeth/",
      "path": "/etfs/qeth/",
      "title": "QETH ETF Dossier: 0.25% Fee, CIK 0001996861 & Custody",
      "description": "SEC dossier for Invesco Galaxy Ethereum ETF (QETH): 0.25% expense ratio, CIK 0001996861, Coinbase Custody Trust Company custody, options & Grantor Trust tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/glossary/",
      "path": "/glossary/",
      "title": "Institutional Crypto ETF, Custody & US Tax Glossary",
      "description": "Definitions of 20+ institutional crypto terms: Grantor Trust WHFIT, IRC § 1091 Wash Sale, IRC § 1014 Step-Up, McNulty v. Commissioner, RUFADAA, EAL6+, PSBT & SeedQR."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/hacks/",
      "path": "/hacks/",
      "title": "1,328 Crypto Hacks & Exploits Database ($21.19B Lost)",
      "description": "Interactive database of 1,328 verified crypto hacks, bridge exploits & CEX key compromises totaling $21.19B lost, categorized by attack vector and target type."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/how-to-cite/",
      "path": "/how-to-cite/",
      "title": "How to Cite CryptoIRAIndex Data & SEC/Custody Audits",
      "description": "Citation guidelines for journalists, CPAs, estate attorneys, and researchers referencing CryptoIRAIndex datasets, SEC ETF fee analyses, and DFPI/SEC scam statistics."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/",
      "path": "/ira/",
      "title": "6 Best US Crypto & Bitcoin IRAs Compared (2026 Fee Audit)",
      "description": "Compare all 6 US Self-Directed Crypto IRAs (iTrustCapital, Fidelity Crypto IRA, Unchained Multisig IRA, Alto, Choice, BitcoinIRA) & McNulty tax rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/alto-cryptoira/",
      "path": "/ira/alto-cryptoira/",
      "title": "Alto CryptoIRA Review (2026): IRA Fees, Custody & Tax Rules",
      "description": "Institutional audit of Alto CryptoIRA: 1.00% trade fee, Alto Solutions, Inc. (Trading execution via Coinba custody, state availability & IRS Form 5498 rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/bitcoinira/",
      "path": "/ira/bitcoinira/",
      "title": "BitcoinIRA Review (2026): IRA Fees, Custody & Tax Rules",
      "description": "Institutional audit of BitcoinIRA: 2.00% trade fee, Alternative IRA Services, LLC (Custodian: Digital  custody, state availability & IRS Form 5498 rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/choice-ira/",
      "path": "/ira/choice-ira/",
      "title": "Choice by Kingdom Trust Review (2026): IRA Fees, Custody &…",
      "description": "Institutional audit of Choice by Kingdom Trust: 1.00% trade fee, Kingdom Trust Company (South Dakota-chartered Publ custody, state availability & IRS Form 5498 ru..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/etf-in-brokerage-ira-vs-crypto-ira/",
      "path": "/ira/etf-in-brokerage-ira-vs-crypto-ira/",
      "title": "Spot ETF in Brokerage Roth IRA vs Self-Directed Crypto IRA",
      "description": "Should you buy IBIT/FBTC/BTC Mini for $0 trade commission in a Fidelity/Schwab Roth IRA or open a Self-Directed Crypto IRA (iTrustCapital, Unchained)? Full TCO au..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/fidelity-crypto-ira/",
      "path": "/ira/fidelity-crypto-ira/",
      "title": "Fidelity Crypto for IRAs Review (2026): IRA Fees, Custody &…",
      "description": "Institutional audit of Fidelity Crypto for IRAs: 1.00% trade fee, Fidelity Digital Asset Services, LLC & Fidelity Ma custody, state availability & IRS Form 5498 r..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/itrustcapital/",
      "path": "/ira/itrustcapital/",
      "title": "iTrustCapital Review (2026): IRA Fees, Custody & Tax Rules",
      "description": "Institutional audit of iTrustCapital: 1.00% trade fee, iTrustCapital, Inc. (Custodian: Fortis Bank / Fort custody, state availability & IRS Form 5498 rules."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/mcnulty-v-commissioner-checkbook-ira/",
      "path": "/ira/mcnulty-v-commissioner-checkbook-ira/",
      "title": "McNulty v. Commissioner (157 T.C. 10): Checkbook IRA Rules",
      "description": "Legal breakdown of McNulty v. Commissioner (157 T.C. No. 10): why home storage of Checkbook IRA LLC keys triggers IRC § 408 distribution taxes & how 2-of-3 multis..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/roth-vs-traditional-crypto-ira/",
      "path": "/ira/roth-vs-traditional-crypto-ira/",
      "title": "Roth vs Traditional vs SEP Crypto IRA Rules & Limits (2026)",
      "description": "Compare Roth, Traditional, and SEP Crypto IRAs: 2026 IRS contribution limits, tax-free Roth compounding, in-kind distributions, Form 5498 & Required Minimum Distr..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/ira/unchained-ira/",
      "path": "/ira/unchained-ira/",
      "title": "Unchained IRA (Key-Controlled Multisig Bitcoin IRA) Review…",
      "description": "Institutional audit of Unchained IRA (Key-Controlled Multisig Bitcoin IRA): 1.00% trade fee, Unchained Capital, Inc. (IRA Administrator: Fortis custody, state ava..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/methodology/",
      "path": "/methodology/",
      "title": "Methodology & Primary SEC, IRS & On-Chain Data Sources",
      "description": "Verification methodology for CryptoIRAIndex: SEC EDGAR CIK filings, IRC §§ 1091/1014/408/165, RUFADAA statutes, CFPB complaints & Proof-of-Reserves."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/",
      "path": "/multisig/",
      "title": "6 Bitcoin Multisig & Collaborative Custody Coordinators (20…",
      "description": "Compare Casa, Unchained, Nunchuk, Sparrow Wallet, Electrum, and Specter DIY for 2-of-3 & 3-of-5 Bitcoin multisig vaults, KYC policies, and estate inheritance."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/casa/",
      "path": "/multisig/casa/",
      "title": "Casa Multisig Review: Quorums, Fees & Inheritance",
      "description": "Technical audit of Casa: 2-of-3 Basic Multisig Vault (1 Mobile Key + 1 Hardware , $250 / year (Standard 3-key plan); $2,10, hardware signers & Bitcoin inheritance..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/electrum/",
      "path": "/multisig/electrum/",
      "title": "Electrum Bitcoin Wallet Multisig Review: Quorums, Fees & In…",
      "description": "Technical audit of Electrum Bitcoin Wallet: Single-Sig, M-of-N Multisig (up to 15 cosigners), 2FA T, Free & 100% Open-Source (MIT License), hardware signers & Bit..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/nunchuk/",
      "path": "/multisig/nunchuk/",
      "title": "Nunchuk Multisig Review: Quorums, Fees & Inheritance",
      "description": "Technical audit of Nunchuk: 2-of-3 or 3-of-5 Assisted Multisig, Custom M-of-N DIY M, Free (unlimited DIY multisig & group wal, hardware signers & Bitcoin inherita..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/sparrow-2-of-3-multisig-guide/",
      "path": "/multisig/sparrow-2-of-3-multisig-guide/",
      "title": "2-of-3 Bitcoin Multisig Setup in Sparrow Wallet (Guide)",
      "description": "Step-by-step engineering guide to building a 2-of-3 multi-vendor Bitcoin multisig vault in Sparrow Wallet (Coldcard + Trezor + Jade) & backing up Output Descriptors."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/sparrow-wallet/",
      "path": "/multisig/sparrow-wallet/",
      "title": "Sparrow Wallet Multisig Review: Quorums, Fees & Inheritance",
      "description": "Technical audit of Sparrow Wallet: Single-Sig (BIP-84 Native SegWit / BIP-86 Taproot), Any, Free & 100% Open-Source (Apache 2.0 Lice, hardware signers & Bitcoin i..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/specter-diy/",
      "path": "/multisig/specter-diy/",
      "title": "Specter Desktop & Specter DIY Multisig Review: Quorums, Fee…",
      "description": "Technical audit of Specter Desktop & Specter DIY: Single-Sig, M-of-N Multisig backed directly by your loc, Free software (MIT License); ~$110 DIY h, hardware sign..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/multisig/unchained/",
      "path": "/multisig/unchained/",
      "title": "Unchained Multisig Review: Quorums, Fees & Inheritance",
      "description": "Technical audit of Unchained: 2-of-3 Collaborative Custody (Client holds 2 keys on se, $250 / year per Concierge Vault (or $0/y, hardware signers & Bitcoin inheri..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/privacy/",
      "path": "/privacy/",
      "title": "Privacy Policy: Zero-Tracking Client-Side Architecture",
      "description": "Privacy policy for CryptoIRAIndex (cryptoiraindex.com): 100% client-side calculators, zero wallet/seed telemetry, and zero third-party ad trackers."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/",
      "title": "US Crypto Scam Radar: 1,049 DFPI, SEC & CFTC Alerts",
      "description": "Search 1,049 official US crypto scam warnings and 1,398 flagged domains from the California DFPI Scam Tracker, SEC PAUSE, CFTC RED List & OFAC SDN sanctions."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/binance-bam-trading/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/binance-bam-trading/",
      "title": "Binance Holdings Ltd. & BAM Tradin Case: DOJ / FinCEN / O D…",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Binance Holdings Ltd. & BAM Trading Services Inc. (Binance.US) (DOJ / FinCEN / OFAC / CFTC / SEC, 2023-11-21): On Nov 21, 2023, Bin..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/bitmex/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/bitmex/",
      "title": "BitMEX Case: DOJ / CFTC / Fin Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on BitMEX (HDR Global Trading Limited) (DOJ / CFTC / FinCEN, 2025-01-15): After paying $100 million to the CFTC and FinCEN in Aug 2021..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/bittrex-us/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/bittrex-us/",
      "title": "Bittrex, Inc. Case: SEC / OFAC / Fin Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Bittrex, Inc. (Bittrex US) (SEC / OFAC / FinCEN, 2023-08-10): Paid $29 million to OFAC and FinCEN in Oct 2022 for failing to block..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/blockfi-lending/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/blockfi-lending/",
      "title": "BlockFi Lending LLC Case: SEC / NASAA (32  Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on BlockFi Lending LLC (SEC / NASAA (32 States), 2022-02-14): Agreed to pay $100 million ($50M to SEC and $50M to 32 state securities..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/celsius-network/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/celsius-network/",
      "title": "Celsius Network LLC Case: DOJ / SEC / CFTC Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Celsius Network LLC (DOJ / SEC / CFTC / FTC, 2023-07-13): Froze customer withdrawals in June 2022 and filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy...."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/coinbase-regulatory-actions/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/coinbase-regulatory-actions/",
      "title": "Coinbase, Inc. & Coinbase Global,  Case: NYDFS / SEC Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Coinbase, Inc. & Coinbase Global, Inc. — NYDFS Consent Order & SEC Dismissal (NYDFS / SEC, 2025-02-27): In Jan 2023, Coinbase settl..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/ftx-alameda/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/ftx-alameda/",
      "title": "FTX Trading Ltd. & Alameda Researc Case: DOJ / SEC / CFTC D…",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on FTX Trading Ltd. & Alameda Research LLC (DOJ / SEC / CFTC, 2022-11-11): Collapsed in Nov 2022 following massive misappropriation of..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/funnull-pig-butchering/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/funnull-pig-butchering/",
      "title": "Funnull Technology Inc. Case: OFAC / FBI Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Funnull Technology Inc. (Pig-Butchering Domain Infrastructure Network) (OFAC / FBI, 2025-05-29): Sanctioned by U.S. Treasury OFAC i..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/genesis-global/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/genesis-global/",
      "title": "Genesis Global Capital, LLC Case: SEC / NYDFS / NY Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Genesis Global Capital, LLC (SEC / NYDFS / NYAG, 2024-03-19): Froze withdrawals in Nov 2022 and filed Chapter 11 in Jan 2023. Surre..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/kraken-sec-settlement/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/kraken-sec-settlement/",
      "title": "Kraken Case: SEC / OFAC Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Kraken (Payward Ventures, Inc. & Payward Trading Ltd.) — Retail Staking Settlement (SEC / OFAC, 2023-02-09): In Feb 2023, Kraken se..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/kucoin-doj-cftc/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/kucoin-doj-cftc/",
      "title": "KuCoin Case: DOJ / CFTC / NYA Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on KuCoin (Peken Global Ltd., Mek Global Ltd. & PhoenixFin Pte. Ltd.) (DOJ / CFTC / NYAG, 2025-01-27): Indicted by SDNY DOJ and sued b..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/novatech/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/novatech/",
      "title": "NovaTech, Ltd. Case: SEC / CFTC / NYA Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on NovaTech, Ltd. (Cynthia & Eddy Petion) (SEC / CFTC / NYAG, 2024-08-12): Charged by the SEC, CFTC, and New York Attorney General in..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/safemoon/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/safemoon/",
      "title": "SafeMoon LLC Case: DOJ EDNY / SEC Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on SafeMoon LLC (Braden John Karony, Kyle Nagy, Thomas Smith) (DOJ EDNY / SEC, 2023-11-01): Charged by the SEC and indicted by DOJ (ED..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/terraform-labs/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/terraform-labs/",
      "title": "Terraform Labs Pte. Ltd. & Do Kwon Case: SEC / DOJ SDNY Dos…",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Terraform Labs Pte. Ltd. & Do Kwon (TerraUSD / UST & LUNA) (SEC / DOJ SDNY, 2024-06-12): Following a federal jury verdict finding T..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/tornado-cash-ofac/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/tornado-cash-ofac/",
      "title": "Tornado Cash Case: OFAC / DOJ / 5th Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Tornado Cash (OFAC SDN Designation & 5th Circuit Van Loon Delisting) (OFAC / DOJ / 5th Circuit Court of Appeals, 2025-03-21): Sanct..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/cases/voyager-digital/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/cases/voyager-digital/",
      "title": "Voyager Digital, LLC Case: FTC / CFTC / FDI Dossier",
      "description": "Federal enforcement dossier on Voyager Digital, LLC (FTC / CFTC / FDIC, 2023-10-12): Filed Chapter 11 in July 2022 after Three Arrows Capital (3AC) defaulted. In..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/fake-hardware-exchange-support-scams/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/fake-hardware-exchange-support-scams/",
      "title": "Fake Coinbase, Ledger & Trezor Support Scams (Spoofed Calls)",
      "description": "How caller-ID spoofing rings impersonate Coinbase Security, Ledger, and Trezor support to trick users into moving funds to a 'safe vault' or entering 24 words."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/fake-recovery-agents-warning/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/fake-recovery-agents-warning/",
      "title": "Fake Crypto Recovery Agents: Advance-Fee Scam Warning",
      "description": "Federal warning on fake crypto recovery companies and 'blockchain hackers' impersonating Chainalysis, FBI IC3, or law firms to extort upfront fees from victims."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/scam-radar/pig-butchering-whatsapp-scams/",
      "path": "/scam-radar/pig-butchering-whatsapp-scams/",
      "title": "Pig Butchering & WhatsApp Crypto Scams: Red Flags & FBI RAT",
      "description": "Anatomy of Pig Butchering (Sha Zhu Pan) and WhatsApp/Telegram 'Professor' crypto trading signal groups: fake withdrawal tax traps & FBI IC3 freeze steps."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/security/",
      "path": "/security/",
      "title": "US Crypto Operational Security: YubiKey, Approvals & OFAC",
      "description": "Operational security engineering guides for US crypto holders: revoking Permit2 wallet drainers, stopping address poisoning, YubiKey FIDO2 SIM-swap defense & OFAC..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/security/address-poisoning-defense/",
      "path": "/security/address-poisoning-defense/",
      "title": "Crypto Address Poisoning (Zero-Value Transfer Scam) Defense",
      "description": "How attackers use high-speed vanity address generators and 0-USDT / dust transfers to poison your wallet transaction history and hijack copy-pasted payouts."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/security/ofac-sdn-tornado-cash-van-loon/",
      "path": "/security/ofac-sdn-tornado-cash-van-loon/",
      "title": "OFAC SDN Crypto Sanctions & Van Loon Tornado Cash Ruling",
      "description": "Legal analysis of OFAC SDN sanctioned crypto addresses, the 5th Circuit ruling in Van Loon v. Treasury (Tornado Cash delisting), and exchange BSA/AML account free..."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/security/sim-swap-yubikey-protection/",
      "path": "/security/sim-swap-yubikey-protection/",
      "title": "SIM Swap Protection for Crypto: YubiKey FIDO2 Hardware Keys",
      "description": "How to harden US exchange accounts (Coinbase, Kraken, Gemini) and email against SIM-swap attacks using YubiKey 5 Series FIDO2/WebAuthn hardware keys."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/security/travel-border-crossing-customs/",
      "path": "/security/travel-border-crossing-customs/",
      "title": "Traveling with Crypto: US Customs (CBP) & FinCEN Form 105",
      "description": "Operational security guide for traveling internationally with Bitcoin: FinCEN Form 105 ($10,000 currency transport rules), CBP border searches & stateless signers."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/security/wallet-drainers-revoke-approvals/",
      "path": "/security/wallet-drainers-revoke-approvals/",
      "title": "Wallet Drainers (Permit2) & How to Revoke Token Approvals",
      "description": "How EIP-2612 Permit and Uniswap Permit2 signature drainers empty hardware wallets without seed phrases, and how to segregate cold vaults and revoke allowances."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/stablecoins/",
      "path": "/stablecoins/",
      "title": "Live Stablecoin Peg Monitor: USDC, USDT, PYUSD & RLUSD",
      "description": "Live peg deviation (bps), circulating supply, and US reserve telemetry for USDT, USDC, USDS, DAI, PYUSD, RLUSD, EURC, and FDUSD."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://cryptoiraindex.com/victim-recovery/",
      "path": "/victim-recovery/",
      "title": "US Crypto Scam Recovery: FBI IC3 RAT & IRS CCA 202511015",
      "description": "Step-by-step US crypto scam victim playbook: emergency FBI IC3 Recovery Asset Team (RAT) freezes, FTC/SEC/CFTC/DFPI filing & IRS CCA 202511015 Form 4684 deduction."
    }
  ]
}