ETHA vs. QETH (2026): Expense Ratio, Custodian, SEC Filings & Tax Audit

Side-by-Side SEC & Custodial Specification Matrix: ETHA vs. QETH

How Do Costs, Fees & 10-Year Total Ownership Drag Compare Between ETHA and QETH?

When institutional allocators, Registered Investment Advisers (RIAs), and self-directed retirement households evaluate iShares Ethereum Trust ETF (ETHA) against Invesco Galaxy Ethereum ETF (QETH), the headline contractual sponsor fee is only the starting point. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) in an exchange-traded crypto vehicle is governed by three compounding variables: (1) the annualized expense ratio accrued daily against Trust Net Asset Value (NAV), (2) secondary-market bid-ask spread execution on NASDAQ versus Cboe BZX, and (3) tracking error relative to the underlying institutional reference benchmark (CME CF Ether-Dollar Reference Rate – New York Variant (ETHUSD_NY) vs. Bloomberg Ethereum Index).

On a static 12-month basis, an allocation of $1,000 incurs $2.50/yr in ETHA versus $2.50/yr in QETH. Scaling to a standard retail retirement position of $10,000 produces an annual sponsor deduction of $25.00 in ETHA compared to $25.00 in QETH. For a high-net-worth or family-office allocation of $100,000 compounding at a conservative 10% annualized growth rate over a 10-year holding horizon, cumulative fee drag reaches $6,412 in ETHA versus $6,412 in QETH—creating a deterministic $0 net wealth differential before accounting for options overlay yield or bid-ask slippage. Furthermore, investors holding taxable positions for 5 to 10+ years should benchmark both funds against our 10-Year Spot ETF vs. Direct Hardware Self-Custody TCO Analyzer, where a one-time $167.99–$239.99 air-gapped hardware signer (Coldcard Q or Trezor Safe 5) eliminates recurring percentage-based AUM drag altogether.

How Do Custody Architecture, Counterparty Risk & Regulatory Oversight Differ?

From a structural security engineering standpoint, ETHA (SEC Central Index Key 0002000638, sponsored by BlackRock / iShares) and QETH (SEC CIK 0001996861, sponsored by Invesco & Galaxy Digital) exhibit distinct custodial counterparty profiles. ETHA delegates digital asset safekeeping to Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC with cash administration and transfer agency handled by The Bank of New York Mellon (BNY Mellon). By contrast, QETH relies on Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC & BitGo Trust Company, Inc. alongside The Bank of New York Mellon (BNY Mellon).

Why does custodian segregation matter to fiduciaries in 2026? Across the 20 SEC-approved US Spot Bitcoin and Ethereum ETPs, Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC (a New York Department of Financial Services NYDFS-chartered limited purpose trust company) serves as primary custodian for 8 of the 11 Bitcoin funds and 7 of the 9 Ethereum funds. Allocators seeking to eliminate single-custodian concentration risk inside a brokerage portfolio deliberately split exposure across independent custodial roots of trust—such as pairing a Coinbase-custodied trust with Fidelity Digital Asset Services (FBTC / FETH), Gemini Trust Company (HODL / ETHV), or BitGo Trust Company (BRRR / BTCO). Both ETHA and QETH utilize institutional-grade offline cold storage vaults with multi-party computation (MPC) or hardware security module (HSM) signing ceremonies, Authorized Participant (AP) cash/in-kind creation and redemption baskets (Cash & Authorized Participant creation/redemption), and daily NAV strikes audited under Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) standards.

What Are the US Tax, Wash Sale (IRC § 1091) & Estate Inheritance (RUFADAA / IRC § 1014) Differences?

For United States taxpayers, CPA firms, and estate planning attorneys, holding ETHA or QETH triggers specific statutory treatments under the Internal Revenue Code that differ sharply from direct on-chain self-custody:

• Grantor Trust WHFIT Reporting (Zero Schedule K-1 Delays): Unlike legacy commodity futures pools governed by IRC § 1256 (which issue complex Schedule K-1 partnership forms in late March), Spot ETPs registered under the Securities Act of 1933 are structured as Widely Held Fixed Investment Trusts (WHFITs) under Treas. Reg. § 1.671-5. Your brokerage issues a standard Form 1099-B accompanied by a Gross Proceeds WHFIT factor sheet so your tax preparer can account for the daily pro-rata slices of underlying asset sold by the sponsor to pay the 0.25% or 0.25% management fee.
• Strict Application of the IRC § 1091 30-Day Wash Sale Rule: Because both ETHA and QETH are SEC-registered securities traded on national exchanges, selling either share class at a loss and repurchasing substantially identical securities within 30 calendar days before or after the trade triggers a mandatory loss disallowance under IRC § 1091. Direct spot Bitcoin or Ethereum held on a hardware wallet is classified as property under IRS Notice 2014-21 rather than a § 1091 security under current statutory text.
• Estate Step-Up in Basis (IRC § 1014) & RUFADAA Probate Bypass: Both ETHA and QETH support instant brokerage Transfer-on-Death (TOD) beneficiary designations and seamless titling inside a Revocable Living Trust (RLT). Upon the account owner's death, shares held in a taxable individual or RLT account receive a 100% tax-free reset to date-of-death Fair Market Value under IRC § 1014(a) and automatic long-term holding characterization under IRC § 1223(9)—without requiring heirs to manage 24-word BIP-39 seed phrases or output descriptors.

Investor Scenario Decision Matrix: Should You Choose ETHA or QETH in 2026?

Use our 6-persona institutional decision matrix below to match your exact capital size, tax wrapper, and execution strategy to either ETHA or QETH:

Frequently Asked Questions (SEC, IRS & Custody Engineering)